Occupational rhinitis due to inhaled locust bean gum: cross-reactivity with legumes and nuts

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Immediate Reactions to More Than 1 NSAID Must Not Be Considered Cross-Hypersensitivity Unless Tolerance to ASA Is Verified.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Individuals who develop drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) to chemically unrelated nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are considered cross-hypersensitive. The hallmark for this classification is that the patient presents a reaction after intake of or challenge with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Whether patients react to 2 or more NSAIDs while tolerating ASA remains to be studied (selective reactions, SRs). Objective: To identify patients with SRs to 2 or more NSAIDs including strong COX-1 inhibitors. METHODS: Patients who attended the Allergy Service of Hospital Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain with DHRs to NSAIDs between January 2011 and December 2014 were evaluated. Those with 2 or more immediate reactions occurring in less than 1 hour after intake were included. After confirming tolerance to ASA, the selectivity of the response to 2 or more NSAIDs was demonstrated by in vivo and/or in vitro testing or by controlled administration. RESULTS: From a total of 203 patients with immediate DHRs to NSAIDs, 16 (7.9%) met the inclusion criteria. The patients presented a total of 68 anaphylactic or cutaneous reactions (mean [SD], 4.2 [2.1]). Most reactions were to ibuprofen and other arylpropionic acid derivatives and to metamizole. Two different NSAIDs were involved in 11 patients and 3 in 5 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with NSAID-induced anaphylaxis or urticaria/angioedema should not be considered cross-hypersensitive unless tolerance to ASA is verified.

Immediate reactions to more than 1 NSAID must not be considered cross-hypersensitivity unless tolerance to ASA is verified

Background: Individuals who develop drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) to chemically unrelated nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are considered cross-hypersensitive. The hallmark for this classification is that the patient presents a reaction after intake of or challenge with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Whether patients react to 2 or more NSAIDs while tolerating ASA remains to be studied (selective reactions, SRs). Objective: To identify patients with SRs to 2 or more NSAIDs including strong COX-1 inhibitors. Methods: Patients who attended the Allergy Service of Hospital Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain with DHRs to NSAIDs between January 2011 and December 2014 were evaluated. Those with 2 or more immediate reactions occurring in less than 1 hour after intake were included. After confirming tolerance to ASA, the selectivity of the response to 2 or more NSAIDs was demonstrated by in vivo and/or in itro testing or by controlled administration. Results: From a total of 203 patients with immediate DHRs to NSAIDs, 16 (7.9%) met the inclusion criteria. The patients presented a total of 68 anaphylactic or cutaneous reactions (mean [SD], 4.2 [2.1]). Most reactions were to ibuprofen and other arylpropionic acid derivatives and to metamizole. Two different NSAIDs were involved in 11 patients and 3 in 5 patients. Conclusions: Patients with NSAID-induced anaphylaxis or urticaria/angioedema should not be considered cross-hypersensitive unless tolerance to ASA is verified (AU)

Introducción: Los individuos que desarrollan reacciones de hipersensibilidad a antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE) no relacionados químicamente se consideran intolerantes cruzados. La característica esencial para ser incluidos en esta categoría es que presenten un resultado positivo tras la administración de AAS. La cuestión de si estos pacientes responden a dos o más AINE y toleran AAS no ha sido estudiada (reacciones selectivas a múltiples AINE, RS). Objetivos: Identificar pacientes con RS a dos o más AINE, incluidos inhibidores potentes de COX-1. Métodos: Se evaluaron los pacientes que acudieron al servicio de alergia del Hospital Infanta Leonor con una historia de hipersensibilidad a AINE desde enero de 2011 a diciembre de 2014. Únicamente se consideraron los casos con dos o más reacciones a AINE diferentes y que se produjeron durante la primera hora tras la ingesta del fármaco (reacciones inmediatas). Tras confirmar la tolerancia a AAS, se evaluó la selectividad de la reacción mediante pruebas in vivo/in vitro o administración controlada del medicamento. Resultados: De un total de 203 pacientes con reacciones inmediatas a AINE 16 (7,9%) se ajustaron a los criterios establecidos. Los pacientes presentaron 68 reacciones anafilácticas o urticaria/angioedema (media de 4,2±2,1). El ibuprofeno y otros derivados arilpropiónicos y el metamizol fueron los fármacos más frecuentemente implicados. En 11 pacientes las reacciones fueron inducidas por dos AINE diferentes, mientras que en otros 5 fueron tres los medicamentos implicados. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con anafilaxia o urticaria/angioedema a diferentes AINE no deben ser incluidos dentro del grupo de intolerancia cruzada hasta verificar su tolerancia a AAS (AU)

Immediate hypersensitivity reactions to ibuprofen and other arylpropionic acid derivatives.

BACKGROUND: Although ibuprofen and other arylpropionic acid derivatives (APs) are the most common medicines involved in hypersensitivity drug reactions (HDRs) to NSAIDs, no patient series studies have been performed regarding immediate selective reactions (SRs) to these drugs. OBJECTIVE: To characterize patients with immediate selective HDRs to ibuprofen and other APs through clinical history and challenge. METHODS: Subjects who developed an HDR to APs less than 1 h after drug intake were included. Tolerance to aspirin was assessed and challenge was performed with ibuprofen in all cases, and additionally with the culprit drug (if different) in those patients that tolerated ibuprofen. Serum tryptase levels and tryptase immunohistochemical staining in skin biopsies were also assessed in some patients with a positive DPT to ibuprofen. RESULTS: From a total of 245 patients with a confirmed history of HDRs to APs, 17% were classified as selective immediate hypersensitivity reactors by both clinical history and challenge. A selective response to naproxen and dexketoprofen with tolerance to ibuprofen was found in 16 of 20 cases. Significant differences in serum tryptase levels were observed between 2 and 24 h in the 11 cases that were studied further. CONCLUSIONS: Within the group of patients with HDRs to NSAIDs, APs can induce immediate SRs. Within this group, selective responses to a single drug or responders to several APs may exist, suggesting potential immunological cross-reactivity.

Selective immediate responders to amoxicillin and clavulanic acid tolerate penicillin derivative administration after confirming the diagnosis.

BACKGROUND: An increasing number of patients show immediate selective hypersensitivity reactions to clavulanic acid (CLV) and amoxicillin (AX), probably due to their increased prescription. The maintenance of this response should be established. OBJECTIVE: To assess that the immediate hypersensitivity selective response to AX or to CLV is maintained after repeated administration of penicillin G (PG)/penicillin V (PV) and AX. METHODS: Patients with proven immediate hypersensitivity to AX (Group A) or CLV (Group B) were included. Diagnosis was performed using skin tests with major and minor determinants of PG (PPL/MDM), AX and CLV and by drug provocation test (DPT) if required. Selectivity was established by confirming tolerance to PG/PV (Group A) and to PG/PV and AX (Group B). The maintenance of the selective response was verified by repeating DPT, 15 days after the initial investigation, with the same procedure. RESULTS: Of 51 patients, 78% belonged to Group A and 22% to Group B. Most had anaphylaxis. In Group A, 72% were skin test positive; 28% required DPT. In Group B, 63% were skin test positive; 37% required DPT. Only two AX-selective cases developed positive responses after re-provocation with PG/PV. No cases selective for CLV developed a positive response to PG, PV or AX. DISCUSSION: The selective response to AX appears consistent, and a response to penicillin determinants only develops in a minority of cases. For the case of CLV, the selective response appears not to be modified by exposure to penicillin determinants, meaning that patients with CLV allergy can take penicillin derivatives safely.

Hypersensitivity Reactions to Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Children and Adolescents: Selective Reactions.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used throughout the world to treat pain and inflammation; however, they can trigger several types of drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) in all age groups. Although most such reactions occur through activation of the leukotriene pathway without specific immunological recognition (cross-intolerance), a significant number of DHRs to NSAIDs are due to immunological mechanisms (selective reactions [SRs]). SRs are thought to be induced by specific IgE antibodies or by T cells. In this manuscript, we focus on SRs, which are of great concern in children and adolescents and comprise a heterogeneous set of clinical pictures ranging from mild entities such as urticaria/angioedema to potentially life-threatening conditions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis. Paracetamol and ibuprofen are the most frequent elicitors of IgE-mediated SRs, although pyrazolones have also been implicated. T cell-mediated reactions are infrequent in children but have been associated with ibuprofen, naproxen, and dipyrone. In this review, we analyze the available literature on SRs in children and adolescents, with emphasis on epidemiological data, mechanisms, and drugs involved, as well as on diagnostic procedures.

Hypersensitivity reactions to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in children and adolescents: selective reactions

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used throughout the world to treat pain and inflammation; however, they can trigger several types of drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) in all age groups. Although most such reactions occur through activation of the leukotriene pathway without specific immunological recognition (cross-intolerance), a significant number of DHRs to NSAIDs are due to immunological mechanisms (selective reactions [SRs]). SRs are thought to be induced by specific IgE antibodies or by T cells. In this manuscript, we focus on SRs, which are of great concern in children and adolescents and comprise a heterogeneous set of clinical pictures ranging from mild entities such as urticaria/angioedema to potentially life-threatening conditions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis. Paracetamol and ibuprofen are the most frequent elicitors of IgE-mediated SRs, although pyrazolones have also been implicated. T cell–mediated reactions are infrequent in children but have been associated with ibuprofen, naproxen, and dipyrone. In this review, we analyze the available literature on SRs in children and adolescents, with emphasis on epidemiological data, mechanisms, and drugs involved, as well as on diagnostic procedures (AU)

A pesar de su eficacia en el tratamiento del dolor y la inflamación los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE), los medicamentos de mayor consumo mundial, también son la causa más frecuente de reacciones de hipersensibilidad a fármacos (RHFs) en cualquier tramo de edad. Aunque en muchas de estas reacciones se liberan mediadores inflamatorios en ausencia de reconocimiento inmunológico específico (intolerancia cruzada), un porcentaje considerable de las RHFs a AINE se producen a través de mecanismos inmunológicos (reacciones selectivas, SRs). En éstas participarían anticuerpos IgE específicos o células T. Las SRs son de gran interés en niños y adolescentes e incluyen un conjunto heterogéneo de entidades que comprenden desde manifestaciones clínicas de poca gravedad como la urticaria y el angioedema hasta otras como el síndrome de Stevens-Johnson y la necrolisis epidérmica tóxica, que pueden suponer una amenaza para la vida. En niños el paracetamol y el ibuprofeno son los medicamentos más frecuentemente implicados en las SRs mediadas por IgE aunque también se ha descrito la participación de las pirazolonas. Las reacciones mediadas por linfocitos T son menos frecuentes pero también se han descrito en relación con la administración de ibuprofeno, naproxeno y dipirona. En esta revisión analizaremos la literatura actual sobre las SRs en niños y adolescentes, centrándonos en los datos epidemiológicos, mecanismos y fármacos implicados, así como las pruebas disponibles para su diagnóstico (AU)

Anaphylaxis Caused by Flaxseed

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